Ruby operators are the tools that let you manipulate data, make decisions, and control the flow of your program. Think of them as the verbs in Ruby’s language grammar 🧠🔧

➕ Arithmetic Operators

Used for basic math:

a = 10
b = 3

puts a + b  # Addition → 13
puts a - b  # Subtraction → 7
puts a * b  # Multiplication → 30
puts a / b  # Division → 3
puts a % b  # Modulus → 1
puts a ** b # Exponentiation → 1000

📝 Assignment Operators

Used to assign and update values:

x = 5
x += 2  # x becomes 7
x *= 3  # x becomes 21

Other examples: -=, /=, %=, **=

🔍 Comparison Operators

Used to compare values:

puts a == b   # Equal → false
puts a != b   # Not equal → true
puts a > b    # Greater than → true
puts a < b    # Less than → false
puts a >= b   # Greater or equal → true
puts a <= b   # Less or equal → false
puts a <=> b  # Spaceship → 1 (a is greater)

🔗 Logical Operators

Used to combine conditions:

puts true && false  # AND → false
puts true || false  # OR → true
puts !true          # NOT → false

🧬 Bitwise Operators

Operate on binary values:

puts 5 & 3  # AND → 1
puts 5 | 3  # OR → 7
puts 5 ^ 3  # XOR → 6
puts ~5     # NOT → -6
puts 5 << 1 # Left shift → 10
puts 5 >> 1 # Right shift → 2

📦 Range Operators

Create sequences:

puts (1..5).to_a   # Inclusive → [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
puts (1...5).to_a  # Exclusive → [1, 2, 3, 4]

🧠 Bonus: Custom Operator Behavior

In Ruby, many operators are actually methods. You can redefine them in your own classes to customize behavior. For example:

class Fruit
  attr_reader :name

  def initialize(name)
    @name = name
  end

  def ==(other)
    name == other.name
  end
end

Now two Fruit objects with the same name will be considered equal.