In C#, classes are the blueprint for creating objects. They define the structure and behavior of an object by encapsulating data (fields/properties) and functionality (methods). Let’s explore the magic behind classes:

🏗️ Basic Class Definition

public class Dog
{
    // Fields or Properties
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Breed { get; set; }

    // Constructor
    public Dog(string name, string breed)
    {
        Name = name;
        Breed = breed;
    }

    // Method
    public void Speak()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{Name} says woof!");
    }
}

🐾 Creating an Object

Use the new keyword:

Dog myDog = new Dog("Fido", "Labrador");
myDog.Speak();  // Output: Fido says woof!

🔐 Access Modifiers

Control visibility:

🧬 Inheritance

Build a child class from a parent:

public class Puppy : Dog
{
    public Puppy(string name, string breed) : base(name, breed) {}

    public void Play()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{Name} is playing!");
    }
}

📦 Other Features

• Static members: Belong to the class, not the instance
• Abstract classes: Cannot be instantiated; meant to be extended
• Interfaces: Define a contract for what a class must implement
• Encapsulation: Hide internal details, expose necessary functionality