In C#, arrays are used to store fixed-size collections of elements of the same data type—like a shelf lined with boxes where each box holds a single item.

🏗️ Declaring and Initializing Arrays

• Declare with a specific size:

int[] numbers = new int[3];
numbers[0] = 10;
numbers[1] = 20;
numbers[2] = 30;

• Inline initialization:

string[] fruits = { "Apple", "Banana", "Cherry" };

🔍 Accessing Elements

• Arrays use zero-based indexing:

Console.WriteLine(fruits[1]);  // Output: Banana

🔄 Looping Through Arrays

• Using foreach:

foreach (string fruit in fruits)
{
    Console.WriteLine(fruit);
}

• Or using for:

for (int i = 0; i < fruits.Length; i++)
{
    Console.WriteLine(fruits[i]);
}

🧠 Array Properties & Methods

• Length gives the number of elements
• Use Array.Sort() to sort
• Use Array.IndexOf() to search

Array.Sort(fruits);
int index = Array.IndexOf(fruits, "Cherry");

🧬 Multidimensional & Jagged Arrays

• 2D Array (Matrix style):

int[,] grid = new int[2, 3];
grid[0, 1] = 42;

• Jagged Array (Array of arrays):

int[][] jagged = new int[2][];
jagged[0] = new int[] { 1, 2 };
jagged[1] = new int[] { 3, 4, 5 };