C++ arrays are like organized shelves in memory where you can store multiple values of the same type under a single name. Let’s unpack how they work 🧠📦

🧱 Declaring an Array

int numbers[5];

• This creates an array named numbers that can hold 5 integers.
• The size must be a constant and known at compile time.

🧪 Initializing an Array

You can assign values when you declare it:

int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

Or let the compiler infer the size:

int numbers[] = {10, 20, 30};

Partial initialization fills the rest with zeros:

int numbers[5] = {1, 2};  // → [1, 2, 0, 0, 0]

🔍 Accessing Elements

Arrays are zero-indexed:

std::cout << numbers[0];  // First element
std::cout << numbers[4];  // Fifth element

You can also update values:

numbers[2] = 99;

🔁 Looping Through an Array

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    std::cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}

This prints all elements in the array.

🧬 Multidimensional Arrays

You can create arrays with more than one dimension:

int matrix[2][3] = {
    {1, 2, 3},
    {4, 5, 6}
};

Access like: matrix[1][2] → 6

⚠️ Things to Remember

• Array size is fixed once declared.
• Accessing out-of-bounds indices leads to undefined behavior.
• C++ doesn’t check bounds automatically—so be careful!