Here’s a comprehensive explanation of computer ransomware, based on trusted sources like the FBI and Wikipedia:

🔐 What Is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that prevents you from accessing your computer files, systems, or networks. It does this by encrypting your data or locking your device, and then demands a ransom payment—usually in cryptocurrency—to restore access.

🧬 How Ransomware Works

1. Infection: Often starts with phishing emails, malicious links, or compromised websites.
2. Execution: The malware installs itself and begins encrypting files or locking the system.
3. Demand: A ransom note appears, demanding payment in exchange for a decryption key.
4. Threats: Attackers may threaten to leak data or permanently delete files if the ransom isn’t paid.

🧠 Types of Ransomware

💸 Real-World Impact

• Financial Loss: Ransoms can range from hundreds to millions of dollars. For example, Leex ransomware demands $490 within 72 hours, doubling to $980 afterward.
• Operational Disruption: Businesses may be forced offline for days or weeks.
• Data Breach: Sensitive data may be exposed or sold.
• Legal Consequences: Organizations may face lawsuits or regulatory penalties.

🛡️ How to Protect Yourself

• Use trusted antivirus and anti-malware software
• Keep your OS and applications updated
• Avoid clicking suspicious links or attachments
• Back up data regularly and store backups offline
• Educate users on phishing and social engineering tactics

The FBI advises against paying the ransom, as it encourages further attacks and doesn’t guarantee data recovery.

Being proactive is the best defense against ransomware. Let’s break this into two parts: symptoms of ransomware infection and a prevention plan you can follow.

🚨 Symptoms of Ransomware Infection

If you notice any of these signs, your system might be compromised:

🔍 Early Warning Signs

• Unusual system behavior: Sluggish performance, frequent crashes, or programs not opening.
• Disabled security software: Antivirus or firewall suddenly turned off.
• Unauthorized access: Unknown users or processes accessing files or network resources.

📄 Clear Indicators of Infection

• Ransom note: A pop-up or text file demanding payment, often with a countdown timer.
• Encrypted files: File extensions changed (e.g., .locked, .encrypted, .leex) and files won’t open.
• Blocked access: You’re locked out of your system or specific folders.
• Threatening messages: Warnings that your data will be deleted or leaked if you don’t pay.

If you suspect an infection, disconnect from the internet immediately to prevent further spread.

🛡️ Ransomware Prevention Plan

Here’s a practical, layered defense strategy:

🔐 1. Strengthen Your System

• Update software regularly: Patch vulnerabilities in your OS, browsers, and apps.
• Use strong passwords: Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) wherever possible.
• Install reputable antivirus: Choose one with real-time protection and ransomware detection.

📁 2. Protect Your Data

• Backup regularly: Use external drives or cloud services. Keep backups offline or air-gapped.
• Encrypt sensitive files: Even if stolen, encrypted data is harder to exploit.

📧 3. Train and Educate

• Phishing awareness: Teach users to spot suspicious emails, links, and attachments.
• Limit admin privileges: Only trusted users should have access to critical systems.

🌐 4. Network Defense

• Segment your network: Isolate critical systems to prevent lateral movement.
• Monitor traffic: Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) to spot anomalies.

🧪 5. Prepare for the Worst

• Incident response plan: Know who to call, what to shut down, and how to recover.
• Legal and regulatory readiness: Understand your obligations if data is breached.