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Topic starter 16/08/2025 6:03 pm
🧪 Black Box Testing is a fundamental software testing method used to evaluate the functionality of an application without knowing its internal code or structure. Think of it like testing a car by driving it, without ever looking under the hood.
🎯 What Is Black Box Testing?
Black Box Testing focuses on inputs and outputs:
- You provide input to the system.
- You observe the output.
- You verify whether the output matches the expected result.
You don’t need to know how the system processes the input internally—just whether it behaves correctly.
🧠 Key Characteristics
- Tester’s Perspective: End-user or external tester
- Focus: Functional behavior, not internal logic
- Basis: Requirements and specifications
- Tools Used: Test cases, test scripts, automation tools (e.g., Selenium)
🧪 Common Types of Black Box Testing
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Functional Testing | Verifies that software functions as expected (e.g., login, search). |
| Regression Testing | Ensures new changes haven’t broken existing functionality. |
| Boundary Testing | Tests limits of input values (e.g., max/min values). |
| Equivalence Partitioning | Divides input data into valid/invalid groups to reduce test cases. |
| User Acceptance Testing (UAT) | Final testing by end users before release. |
✅ Example
Let’s say you’re testing a login form:
- Input: Username = “user123”, Password = “pass456”
- Expected Output: “Login successful”
- You don’t care how the system checks the credentials internally—just whether it accepts or rejects them correctly.
🛡️ Advantages
- No need for programming knowledge
- Tests from the user’s perspective
- Helps uncover missing functionalities
⚠️ Limitations
- Doesn’t reveal internal bugs or logic errors
- Limited coverage of code paths
- May miss edge cases if test inputs aren’t well-designed
