🛡️ FISMA, or the Federal Information Security Modernization Act, is a U.S. federal law that sets the framework for securing government information systems. Originally passed in 2002 as part of the E-Government Act, and later updated in 2014, FISMA aims to ensure that federal agencies protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their data.

🧠 Key Objectives

• Confidentiality: Prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information
• Integrity: Ensure data is accurate and protected from unauthorized changes
• Availability: Guarantee reliable access to information when needed

🛠️ What FISMA Requires

• Agency-wide security programs: Each federal agency must develop and maintain a comprehensive information security strategy
• Annual reviews: Agencies must assess their security posture yearly and report to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
• Continuous monitoring: Systems must be regularly checked for vulnerabilities and compliance
• Risk assessments: Agencies must evaluate and mitigate risks to their information systems

🧪 Who It Applies To

• Federal agencies
• Contractors and third parties managing federal data
• Systems that support federal operations, even if hosted externally

🔄 FISMA Modernization (2014 Update)

• Strengthened the role of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in overseeing civilian agency cybersecurity
• Clarified OMB’s oversight authority
• Streamlined reporting requirements to reduce inefficiencies

FISMA is like the cybersecurity rulebook for the U.S. government—ensuring that sensitive data stays protected in an increasingly digital world.